This is Treatment Action Group’s 2009 report on funding trends for tuberculosis (TB) research and development (R&D) from the baseline year 2005 through 2008, the last year for which full data are reported. Our purpose remains to document the world’s progress against the benchmark goals set forth by the Stop TB Partnership in the Global Plan to Stop TB: 2006–2015 and in TAG’s original report, which called for an increase in TB R&D spending to $2 billion per year, which will be required to eliminate TB by 2050.